As a member of a merchant family with trading interests in the Gulf and India, Abdulla, educated in Bombay and developing early on a particular fondness and aptitude for languages, began his career as the Secretary of Karl Twitchell, Director of the Saudi Arabian Mining Syndicate. Twitchell had previously been the local representative of Californian Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC), one of the four partners which in May 1933 created what is now Saudi Aramco.
During a trip to Iran during the Second World War, Abdulla, having been recognized for his personal integrity and administrative ability, was asked to join the Allied administration with responsibility for the distribution of essential foodstuffs and supplies throughout the country.